Water has a high specific heat capacity, meaning it can absorb or release large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change. This property is due to its hydrogen bonds.
Water molecules are held together by covalent bonds between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. These are strong intramolecular bonds.
Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other. These intermolecular bonds are weaker than covalent bonds but contribute to water's unique properties.
Water is a solvent for ionic and polar substances due to its polar nature. The slightly positive hydrogen atoms attract negatively charged ions, while the slightly negative oxygen atoms attract positively charged ions.
Water is a poor solvent for nonpolar substances, as they cannot form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
Substances that dissolve readily in water are called hydrophilic ("water-loving"). Those that do not dissolve well in water are hydrophobic ("water-fearing").
Capillary action is the ability of water to move up spaces without the assistance of external forces. This property is due to water's adhesive and cohesive properties. Ex:- Capillaries in plants
Cohesion refers to the attraction between water molecules, caused by hydrogen bonding. This property gives water high surface tension.